ABSTRACT
Abstract The present research evaluated the anti urolithic potential of Cyperus rotundus tubers extract using in silico, in vitro and in vivo techniques. In silicostudy was performed of Cyperus rotundus constituents and pathological protein oxalate oxidase (PDB Id: 2ETE). In vitrostudy, nucleation and aggregation assay involved for assessment of ethanol extract of Cyperus rotundus tuber (50-3000 µg/ml).In vivo studies involved that the Cyperus rotundusethanolic extract (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg B.wt.) wastreatedonsodium oxalate induced urolithiatic rats for seven days,evaluated kidney function by urine and serum biochemical analysis and statistical analysis performed usingGraphPad prism5 software.In silico results showedthat Cyperus rotundus constituents,Humulene epoxide, 4-Oxo-alpha-ylangene, Cubebol were exhibited better binding energyonoxalate oxidase.Ethanolic extract of Cyperus rotundustuber was exhibited nucleation, aggregation of calcium oxalate monohydrate crystals inhibition in dosedependent manner. Sodium oxalate treatment was triggered biochemical changesin the urine that have been substantially prevented by the ethanolic extract of Cyperus rotundus tuber. The current findings Cyperus rotundus anti urolithic activity due to antioxidant essential oils. The molecular docking results could be used to optimize lead and develop the appropriate urolithiasis treatment.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , Rats , Oils, Volatile/adverse effects , Plant Extracts/analysis , Cyperus/adverse effects , Plant Tubers/classification , In Vitro Techniques/methods , Software/classification , Calcium Oxalate/agonists , Urolithiasis/chemically induced , Id , Antioxidants/pharmacologyABSTRACT
Background: Urolithiasis is the third common disorder of the urinary system affecting 10e15% of thegeneral population. In recent years, search for new antilithiatic drugs from natural sources has assumedgreater importance.Objectives: This study was performed to investigate the anti-urolithiatic activity of methanolic extract ofDuranta erecta leaves by in vitro and in vivo analysis.Materials and methods: The study was designed to determine presence of phytochemicals in D. erecta, itsyield in percentage, antioxidant activity against 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and anti-microbial property against few bacteria. In vitro analysis was carried out study anti-urolithiatic property ofD. erecta by nucleation assay and synthetic urine assay for inhibition of calcium oxalate and calciumoxalate monohydrate crystals formation. An in vivo experiment was performed on Wistar rats forconfirmation of anti-urolithiatic property of D. erecta in animal model.Results: D. erecta has the presence of primary and secondary metabolites like glycoside, saponins, sterols,flavonoids, phenols, tannins, alkaloids, carbohydrates and proteins. Methanolic extract of D. erecta gave avery good yield (60%). D. erecta proved its antioxidant potential by 93.51% inhibition of DPPH radical at aconcentration of 1000 mg/mL where ascorbic showed 94.71% of DPPH radical at the same concentration.In vitro tests like nucleation assay and synthetic urine assay showed that D. erecta inhibits formation ofcalcium oxalate and calcium oxalate monohydrate crystals. It also showed the anti-microbial property byformation of zone of inhibition against few bacteria. An in vivo experiment on Wistar rat animal modelconfirmed the anti-urolithiatic property of D. erecta L. leaves extract.Conclusions: Based on the results, we reported that D. erecta may treat calcium oxalate crystal depositionin the kidney by preventing hyperoxaluria-induced peroxidative damage to the renal tubular membranesurface (lipid peroxidation). It has anti-microbial potential so it may also inhibit the secondary bacterialinfection in kidney. Based on the data, it can be concluded that this herb can be used as a potential antiurolithiasis agent for kidney stone removal.© 2017 Transdisciplinary University, Bangalore and World Ayurveda Foundation. Publishing Services byElsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
ABSTRACT
Objective To explore the influence of sodium oxamate on the radiaosensitivity of hypoxic nasopharyngeal carcinoma CNE2 cells. Methods The production of lactate and angiotensin Ⅱ in CNE2 with or without sodium oxamate treatment was detected by lactate assay kit and angiotensin Ⅱ ELISA kit. Cell growth of hypoxic CNE2 with or without sodium oxamate treatment was measured in vitro by MTT method. Radiosensitivity of hypoxic CNE2 with or without sodium oxamate treatment was tested by clone formation assay. Results Lactate and angiotensin Ⅱ production of CNE2 cells treated with sodium oxalate was inhibited. Sodium oxalate inhibited the proliferation of hypoxic CNE2 cells. The radiosensitivity of hypoxic CNE2 cells treated with sodium oxalate was largely improved. Conclusions Sodium oxalate inhibits the proliferation of CNE2 cells in hypoxic condition and significantly enhances the radiosensitivity of hypoxic CNE2 cells. The mechanism may be involved in its inhibiting of angiotensinⅡproduction.
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Objective To explore the preventive effects of different extracts from Aspidopterys obcordata on renal tubu-lar epithelial cells injury induced by sodium oxalate in vitro, and initially identify the effective part for treating urolithiasis. Methods The injury model of HK-2 cells induced by sodium oxalate was established to screen the active parts of Aspidopterys obcordata by testing the protective effects of different polarity extracts on HK-2 injury cells through MTT method. Results Dif-ferent extracts from Aspidopterys obcordata improved the activity of HK-2 injury cells, which were elevated to 86.17% and 95.42%by 0. 5 mg?mL-1 and 1 mg?mL-1 aqueous extract, respectively. And the activity reached to 93. 59% and 84. 77% by 0.5 mg?mL-1 and 1 mg?mL-1 50% alcohol extracts, reached above 81.56% by 95% alcohol extracts,all of which showed sig-nificant difference compared with the model group. The HK-2 cells viability were elevated to 82. 53% and 91. 58% by 0.5 mg?mL-1 and 1 mg?mL-1 95% alcohol extracted ethyl acetate parts,and increased to 77.24% and 87.22% by 0.5 mg?mL-1and 1 mg?mL-1 of 95% alcohol isolated n-butanol extracts, approached to 95.46% and 81.36% by 0.5 mg?mL-1 and 1 mg?mL-1 water extracts, all of which showed significant difference compared with the model control group. Conclusion The aqueous extracts and alcohol extracts from Aspidopterys obcordata have obvious preventive effects on HK-2 cells injury, among which the ethyl acetate extracts, n-butanol extracts and water extracts present the remarkable effects, which are supposed to be the active parts for inhibiting calcium oxalate stone formation in vitro.
ABSTRACT
Background: In spite of advances in the present practice of medicine, the formation and growth of calculi continues to trouble mankind, as there is no satisfactory drug to treat kidney stones. In India, many indigenous drugs are in use for the treatment of urinary calculus disease. Objective: The present study was intended to determine anti-urolithiatic effect of Lagenaria siceraria fruit powder (LSFP) against sodium oxalate (NaOx) induced urolithiasis in rats. Materials and Methods: Animals were grouped as Vehicle Group (received vehicle gum acacia 2% w/v 1 mL/kg/p.o.), NaOx Group(Sodium oxalate 70 mg/kg,i.p.), LSFP Group (500 mg/kg, p.o. LSFP suspended in gum acacia 2% + Sodium oxalate 70 mg/kg), Cystone Group (500 mg/kg, p.o. Cystone suspended in gum acacia 2% + Sodium oxalate 70 mg/kg). Result: The increased severity of microscopic calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystals deposition along with increased concentration in the kidney was seen after 7 days of NaOx (70 mg/kg, i.p.) pre-treatment. LSFP (500 mg/kg, p.o.) and standard marketed formulation Cystone (500 mg/kg, p.o.) caused a signifi cant reversal of NaOx-induced changes in ion excretion and urinary CaOx concentration in 7 days treatment. Conclusion: From the results, it was concluded that LSFP showed benefi cial effect against urolithiasis by decreasing CaOx excretion and preventing crystal deposition in the kidney tubules.